Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: An inhibitor targeting glycosome membrane biogenesis kills Leishmania parasites
doi: 10.1101/2024.09.13.612636
Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Wild-type L. tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) were treated with either DMSO(-) or 12 μM of Compound 1 (+) for 24 h. Digitonin fractionation was performed to investigate the mislocalization of glycosome matrix proteins. Enolase was used as cytosolic marker. The PTS1 proteins glycerol kinase (GK) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) served as glycosome matrix markers for PTS1 import, while aldolase served as a marker for glycosomal PTS2 import. The mitochondrial heat shock protein (mtHSP70) was used as a mitochondrial matrix marker to confirm that mitochondria were unaffected. Compared to the untreated group, GK, GAPDH, and aldolase were released from Compound 1-treated cells at lower levels of digitonin. The result indicated a partial mislocalization of glycosomal matrix proteins to cytosol upon Compound 1 treatment. B) LtP cells treated with DMSO or Compound 1 were fixed after 24 h of incubation and stained with anti- Tb Aldolase primary antibody. The red punctuate staining indicates the glycosomal localization of aldolase. Compared to the DMSO control group, cells treated with Compound 1 showed bigger red puncta, which might be related to enlarged or cluster glycosomes, suggesting a mild effect of Compound 1 on glycosomes. C) Human T-REx-293 cells were incubated with three concentrations of Compound 1 for 48 or 72 h and analyzed via immunoblotting using 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (Thiolase) primary antibody. Precursor thiolase (p-Thiolase) is proteolytically processed upon peroxisomal import into its mature form (m-Thiolase), which runs at 44 kDa and serves as an indicator for peroxisomal import. Compound 1-treated wild-type (WT) cells displayed an m-Thiolase pattern similar to DMSO-treated cells, indicating that the peroxisomal protein import is normal. PEX3- and PEX19-knockout (KO) cells, in which p-Thiolase is abundant due to the absence of peroxisomes, were used as controls. D) Human T-REx293 cells, PEX3-KO, and PEX19-KO cells were grown on coverslips and treated with DMSO or 12 μM of Compound 1 for 72 h. Peroxisomes were labeled using anti-PMP70 antibody, whereas nuclei were stained with DAPI. Compound 1-treated cells showed a peroxisome pattern like that of the control (DMSO-treated) cells, indicating normal peroxisome morphology. No peroxisomes were observed in PEX3-KO and PEX19-KO cells.
Article Snippet: Afterward, cells were permeabilized using 1% Triton X-100/PBS for 5 min and blocked with 1% BSA/PBS for 1 h. Following, cells were incubated with primary antibodies rabbit anti-PMP70 (1:500, Invitrogen) for 30 min and secondary antibody goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:200, Alexa Fluor™ 594) for 10 min under light protection.
Techniques: Fractionation, Marker, Incubation, Staining, Control, Western Blot, Knock-Out, Labeling